Best overall: Formula 420 Cleaner

Formula 420 Cleaner uses a mix of solvents and abrasives. It removes resin from glass, metal, and ceramic. Pour 2 oz into the pipe. Shake for 30 seconds. Rinse with hot water. One 12 oz bottle costs about $12. It works in under 5 minutes. Do not use on acrylic.

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Grunge Off Super Soaker

Reusable liquid. Soak the pipe for 24 hours. The solution turns brown. Filter and reuse up to 4 times. Costs about $20 per 16 oz. Contains no alcohol. Works on glass and metal.

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Randy's Black Label Cleaner

Black Label uses a solvent blend with a citrus scent. It removes resin in 10 minutes. The 12 oz bottle costs about $10. It includes a wire brush and a pipe cleaner. Rinse with warm water.

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Orange Chronic

Orange Chronic uses d-limonene and surfactants. It dissolves resin and leaves no film. Soak for 5 minutes. The 12 oz bottle costs about $11. It works on glass and silicone. Do not use on acrylic.

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Isopropyl alcohol 91% + coarse salt

Mix 1 cup of 91% isopropyl alcohol with 2 tablespoons of coarse salt. Pour into the pipe. Shake for 1 minute. Let sit for 30 minutes. Rinse with hot water. One quart of alcohol costs about $3. Salt acts as an abrasive. This method works for glass and metal. Do not use on acrylic or silicone.

Wire pipe cleaners and brushes

Wire brushes remove resin from stems and bowls. Use a 6-inch brush for a standard pipe. Nylon brushes work for glass. Brass brushes work for metal. A pack of 10 costs about $5. Combine with a solvent. Do not use metal brushes on glass.

Comparison summary

Safety

Isopropyl alcohol is flammable. Use it in a ventilated room. Keep it away from flames. Acetone dissolves acrylic. Do not use acetone on acrylic pipes. Rinse all cleaners with water before use. Resin contains tar and cannabinoids. Clean pipes weekly to reduce buildup.